Last revised: 5/16/2022
Latest additions marked NEW>

Developments in the Industry and Equipment

The Players

• Bird / Sherpa
• Blue Duck
• Boaz Bikes (seated scooter)
• Bolt
• Glide (Glide Scooters company looking to expand to other cities outside El Paso) (1/17/2020))
• Goat
• Gotcha
  • Acquired by Bolt (1/19/2021)
• Grüv
• Helbiz
• HOPR
• Jump
• Lime
• Link
• Lyft
• Lynx
• Ojo
  • Acquired by Bolt (1/19/2021)
• Razor
• Scoot
• Shared (seated scooter)
  • Left the rental field (2/19/2020)
  • Rebranded Zoomer moved (successfully) to direct sales to consumers (2/17/2021)
• Skip
  • E-scooter company Skip files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy (8/10/2021)
  • Helbiz plans to acquire Skip's scooters (12/31/2020)
  • Venture-backed scooter startup and early SF micromobility leader files for Ch. 7 (8/5/2021)
• Spin
  • Acquired by Tier (3/3/2022)
• VeoRide (now simply called Veo)
• Wheels

A Highly Competitive (and Not Yet Profitable?) Business

• NEW>E-Scooters Are Having a Moment as Gas Prices Surge (3/28/2022)
• NEW>You can find, and pay for, Spin scooters on Lyft's app now (3/24/2022) (Lime scooters have been on the Uber app in some locations since 2019)
• NEW>Spin pulls scooters out of Indianapolis, other markets it says 'lack sensible regulations' (2/8/2022)
• NEW>Ford’s e-scooter company is pulling out of any city that doesn’t limit competition (1/7/2022)
• Bird and Scootaround partner to make e-scooters available for people with disabilities (12/7/2021)
• Helbiz Announces up to $30 Million Investment Supporting Dramatic Expansion in the United States (10/18/2021)
• Helbiz Partners with Drover AI to Bring Artificial Intelligence to Scooter Sharing (9/23/2021)
• Bird Applies E-Scooter Sharing Lessons to Sales of E-Bikes (8/23/2021)
• Bird Shows Improving Scooter Economics, Long March to Profitability (8/20/2021)
• Bird Announces Revenue Rebound, More Losses — and an E-bike (8/19/2021)
• Bird is the latest operator to integrate its e-scooters and e-bikes with Google Maps (8/18/2021) (joining Lime and Spin)
• Shared scooters jump into a profitable future (1/14/2021)
• Moovit integrates Lime electric scooters, bikes, mopeds into transit planning app (7/27/2021)
• Ford micromobility subsidiary Spin launches first in-house-built e-scooter (6/23/2021)
• Ford-owned Spin shakes up scooter business with new CEO, e-bikes and city strategy (6/3/2021)
• Bird, going public via a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), lost $387.5 million in 2019 and $208.2 million in 2020 (5/12/2021)
• Bird is reportedly taking its electric scooter company public via SPAC (5/10/2021)
• The three licensees in New York City's pilot program may not: 1) use gig workers and 2) impose terms of service requiring arbitration and ruling out class actions (4/14/2021)
• Lime launches app-less rides and no fee reservations to get more people riding (3/24/2021)
• Micromobility company Lime is partnering with commuting benefits provider Edenred in anticipation of the post-pandemic surge in two-wheeled office treks (1/22/2021)
• Shared scooters jump into a profitable future (1/14/2021)
• Investors are going wild for Europe's e-scooter start-ups after U.S. players stumbled (12/7/2020) 
• E-scooter startup Tier raises $250 million round led by SoftBank Vision Fund 2 (11/10/2020)
• Can scooters give bike-share a boost? Lime data shows both services are growing in Seattle (11/3/2020)
• Bird Seeks to Unload Santa Monica HQ as Fund Marks Down Shares (10/19/2020)
• Wheels' seated e-scooters merged into Lime's app as scooter companies team up (10/8/2020)
• E Scooter Moped And E Motorcycle Market Insight, Present Scenario & Growth Prospect 2026 (9/28/2020)
• U.S. Scooter Ridership Surged in 2019. Now What? (8/27/2020)
• Superpedestrian is launching a shared e-scooter service called Link (6/4/2020)
• Lime Just Became the Biggest Micromobility Company in the World (5/11/2020)
• Bolt Mobility raises $30 million for electric scooter rollout (3/3/2020)
• Bird Pay tries to appease local businesses plagued by scooters (2/25/2020)
• Pay to charge Lime scooters has sunk so low 'juicers' won’t do it anymore (2/20/2020) (San Francisco)
  • Lime Has Significantly Dropped Pay Rates for the Contractors Who Charge its Scooters (2/20/2020) (Portland< OR)
• The Local Regulations That Can Kill E-Scooters (2/10/2020)
• Building Micromobility At A Global Scale (1/31/2020) (Helbiz / new entrant in US/ DC/ employees not gig workers and free rides for low-income persons)
• Bird deploys the Bird Two scooter (1/30/2020)
• Scooters, Other Forms of Micromobility Are Here to Stay (1/27/2020) (charging stations/role of urban parking lot)
• 4 Predictions for the Electric Scooter Industry (1/27/2020) (companies culled/city regulations will sort/new form factors will appear/data-sharing will be an issue)
• Scooter app wars begin, and Lime isn't happy about it (1/24/2020)
• Skip pulls back the curtain on the high costs of electric scooter maintenance (1/21/2020)
• The Electric Scooter Wars of 2019 (1/11/2020)
• Lime and Bolt Abruptly Yank E-Scooters From Multiple Markets Across the U.S. (1/10/2020)
• Different Franchise model: GOAT scooters land in El Dorado, resident leaving mark on city (12/22/2019)
• “Quite a shock”: Scoot employees laid off by Bird in SF scooter shake-up (12/6/2019)
• Lime's Chinese-Made Scooters Get Caught Up in Trump's Trade War (12/5/2019)
• Bike and Scooter Rental Market by Service, Propulsion, Operational Model, Vehicle And Region - Global Forecast to 2027 (2019)
• Lyft is pulling its scooters from [smaller] cities across the US (11/18/2019)
• You Lost How Much on Scooters? (10/22/2019)
• That scooter ride is going to cost you a lot more (10/18/2019)
• One Way to Keep the Sidewalk Clear: Remote-Controlled Scooter-Bots (10/15/2019) (Tortoise)
• Surge pricing for scooters? Uber’s Jump will test prices in Dallas that go up or down based on demand (10/15/2019)
• Bubble or Boom? 2-Year-Old Scooter Startup Bird Is Now Worth $2.5 Billion (10/4/2019)
• Electric scooter company Bird raises $275 million, with a new focus on profitability (10/3/2019)
• E-Scooters: the bull and the bear (9/27/2019)
• Scooter startup Skip raises more funding, talks strategy (9/21/2019)
• Lime brings electric scooter Group Ride option to US so you’ll stop riding tandem (9/7/2019)
• The World Market for Bike & Scooter Rentals, 2019-2027: Projected to Witness a CAGR of 18.9% (9/16/2019)
• Spin may be first SF e-scooter company to unionize in bid for permit (9/2/2019)
• Lyft Just Raised Its Scooter Prices. How Much Do All The Scooters Cost, Anyway? (8/22/2019)
• Lime’s partnership with Google Maps (8/14/2019)
• Skip unveils its first custom electric scooter (8/14/2019)
• Bird Raising New Funding At $2.5 Billion Valuation (7/23/2019)
• Reduce, reuse, rescoot? A look at e-scooters' long-term sustainability (7/2019)
• 84 Million Trips Taken on Shared Bikes and Scooters Across the U.S. in 2018 (4/17/2019)
• One User's Comparative Review of Lime, Spin, Lyft, and Bird Scooters (in Minneapolis) (7/16/2019)
• Electric scooters: Your complete guide (6/14/2019)
• The electric scooter wars won't end (6/14/2019)
• Bird buys Scoot, and more electric scooter deals could be on the way (6/12/2019)
• Scooter startup Bird buys struggling competitor Scoot (6/12/2019)
• Electric-Scooter startups are becoming more cautious (6/6/2019)
• Scooter consolidation may finally be upon us (6/5/2019)
• Charlotte becomes the latest city where Lime is ditching dockless bikes. Here’s why (4/18/2019)
• Scooter companies' meteoric rise in one chart (5/20/2019)
• Map: Watch the electric scooter boom spread across the U.S. (4/27/2019)
• E-scooters aren't going anywhere — In fact, their numbers are still growing (4/26/2019)
• Electric Scooters Are Taking over American Cities (4/22/2019) (commenting on the report by the National Association of Transportation Officials on shared bicycle and scooter trips in 2018)
• Skip Is Way More Popular than Scoot in San Francisco (4/15/2019)
• Inboard Refunds Electric Scooter Customers as it Pivots to Shared Fleets (4/9/2019)
• How Bird plans to blanket the world with electric scooters without going bankrupt (3/07/2019)
• Google Maps Now Shows Lime Scooters, Bike And E-Bike Rental Options Directly On The App (3/04/2019)
• Lime dropped the ‘bike’ from its name; now the bikes are disappearing (2/15/2019)
• Security Engineering: Inside the Scooter Startups (2/12/2019)
• 14 Months, 120 Cities, $2 Billion: There's Never Been a Company Like Bird. Is the World Ready? (2/2019)
• Electric Scooters And Micro-Mobility: Here's Everything You Need To Know (2/1/2019)
• Lime and Bird Raise Millions, But at Far Lower Valuations Than Hoped (1/18/2019)
• 2018 Was the Year of the Scooter. What Happens Now? (12/30/2018)
• The Electric Scooter Wars of 2018 (12/23/2018)
• Here Are the Big Players in the Great Scooter Startup War (5/22/2018)

Improvements in the E-Scooters Themselves (Including Durability and Recycling Measures)

• NEW>Scientists creating universal e-scooter sound to help pedestrians detect them (3/31/2022)
• NEW>Bird tests motorized wheelchair attachment in NYC (3/24/2022) (attaches to wheelchair, allowing it to be used as a scooter)
• NEW>The hidden (and not so hidden) tech making electric scooters safer (3/2022)
• NEW>Superpedestrian gets $125M to expand tech that corrects unsafe scooter riding (2/1/2022) (Pedestrian Defense safety system – detects and corrects such unsafe behaviors as riding on sidewalks or the wrong way on a one-way street)
• Closer look at the A-Ride, a powerful full-suspension electric bike/scooter crossover (1/14/2022)
• Li-Cycle partners to recycle batteries in scooters, e-bikes (7/14/2021) (Helbiz)
• How Bird, ITAP are Reducing Battery Waste Through Advanced Recycling (5/20/2021)
• Spin is testing remote-controlled electric scooters to prevent blocked sidewalks (1/27/2021) (3-wheeled) (to be tested in Boise, ID)
• Lime uses sensor data to keep scooters off sidewalks (1/28/2021)
• Positioning technology more accurate than GPS (1/15/2021)
• Ford's Spin unit to boost e-scooters with software that alerts pedestrians of sidewalk riders (12/17/2020)
• Spin is adding sensor-powered ADAS to its electric scooters to curb scofflaw riding (12/17/2020)
• Spin to equip its e-scooters with on-vehicle artificial intelligence (12/17/2020)
• Lime partners with what3words to find abandoned e-scooters and bikes (and with transit mapping platform, Citymapper) (12/10/2020) 
• Fat tires: Phat Scooters (however, all models except the Phlex exceed the common 100 pound limit )
• Bolt unveils its fourth-generation scooter (12/3/2020)
• Addition of sound to alert blind and partially sighted people of e-scooter approach (11/2/2021)
• SFMTA launches pilot program to test adaptive scooters for people with disabilities (1/22/2020)
• SF scooter companies introduce models for disabled riders (1/15/2020)
• A more intelligent system for the scooter wars (8/21/2019)
• Europe’s Cobbled Streets Are Breaking Scooters (8/8/2019)
• Bird’s new electric scooter has a better battery and anti-vandalism sensors (8/1/2019)
• Spin Rolls Out 3G e-Scooter (7/28/2019)
• Ford’s Spin reveals new e-scooter and logo (7/25/2019)
• Bird has ‘positive unit economics’ with its custom scooter model, CEO says (7/12/2019)
• This dangerous looking two-person electric scooter wants to challenge Bird (7/2/2019)
• Portland accessibility scooters with seats (6/14/2019)
• Can Bird build a better scooter before it runs out of cash? (5/5/2019)
• Shared scooters don't last long (2/26/2019)

Alternative Modes of Providing E-Scooters (Sales, Cash Rental, Long-Term Rental, Group Rental)

• NEW>Unagi launches its own more exclusive version of shared micromobility (5/10/2022) (available at only at selected high end hotels, luxury apartments, and coworking spaces)
• E-Scooter Company, Voro Motors, Opens New Showroom, Service Center And Warehouse At Industry City (12/4/2021) (NYC)
• Best Buy will start selling e-bikes, scooters and mopeds in a bid to loom large in what's expected to be a $70 billion electric transportation market (9/1/2021)
• Rent a scooter in DC that you don’t have to share (6/10/2021) (Unagi)
• Unagi is expanding its electric scooter subscription service to more cities (3/17/2021) [adding San Francisco, Austin, Seattle, Phoenix, Miami, and Nashville to NYC and LA]
• This Chicago startup wants to bring e-scooters to your apartment and office building (2/26/2021) [to be offered to tenants as an amenity by building owner]
• Franchise operators - fixed facility rentals
  • Ride FiiK (see Scooters Are Back in Birmingham! Here’s What You Need to Know (9/24/2020))
• Mercedes-Benz’s New Electric Scooter Aims to Bring Luxury to Your Last Mile (10/5/2020)
• Ridepanda wants to be your ‘one-stop shop’ for electric bikes and scooters (10/2/2020) (online sales, financing, support)
• Unagi Opens a bricks and mortar store in LA that offers both scooter sales and monthly rental (9/23/2020)
• Bird doubles down on selling electric scooters directly to customers (9/21/2020)
• Unagi launches $39-a-month subscription for its stylish electric scooters (8/5/2020)
• Lime expands its scooter subscription service to include daily and monthly passes (6/18/2020)
• Unbanked, credit card-less riders can now rent scooters with cash (12/23/2019)
• It's Getting Easier To Rent E-Scooters In SF With Good Old-Fashioned Cash (12/22/2019)
• Lime launches weekly subscription service for frequent riders (12/17/2019)
• Lime starts rolling out group scooter rides so a single user can pay for others (7/4/2019)
• Bird is now selling its electric scooters directly to consumers (5/8/2019)
• Lime will open brick-and-mortar scooter "lifestyle stores" (10/22/2018)

Structuring the Staff Needed for Charging, Repairing, and Redeployment (and Equipment Changes Designed to Make the Charging and Maintenance More Efficient)

• NEW>E-scooters fall head over wheels for battery swapping (3/25/2022) (limiting factor is the industry’s reluctance to standardize)
• Spin workers just ratified their first union contract (9/29/2020)
• Bird Is Quietly Luring Contract Workers Into Debt Through a New Scooter Scheme (9/28/2020)
• BIRD BRAINED: Inside the electric scooter startup with big workplace problems (4/23/2020)
• Bird cuts 30% of workforce as coronavirus pushes scooters out of cities (3/27/2020)
• Scooter Giant Lime Preparing Layoffs as Rider Numbers Collapse (3/21/2020)
• Spin scooters, too good to be true (1/6/2020) (San Diego: Spin's switch from free-lance chargers to employees)
• In the Van With the ‘Juicers’ Who Round Up and Recharge Lime Scooters (10/25/2019)
• The weird and messy work of charging electric scooters in the Bay Area (7/3/2019)
• Scooter Startups Are Ditching Gig Workers for Real Employees (3/07/2019)

Parking and Charging Stations Combined with User or Charger Incentives for Their Use

• How scooter charging startups want to make the industry more profitable (1/17/2020)
• Swiftmile will become the ‘gas station’ for electric bikes and scooters in Austin (10/24/2019)
• Spin Adding Docks and Parking Incentives for its Dockless E-Scooters (10/21/2019) (Arlington, VA)

Developments that May Assist Enforcement of Local Rules or Rider Safety

• NEW>Bird & Lime use to Google’s ARCore to power scooter parking solution (5/11/2022)
• New Bird Community Safety Zones Offer Added Pedestrian Protection (8/4/2021)
• Rented e-scooters get skid-detection to spot and ban careless riders [Bird] (1/17/2021)
• 'Silent’ e-scooters fitted with artificial noise to warn pedestrians (11/4/2020)
• Keeping e-scooters off sidewalks (10/16/2020)
• Breakthrough Technology for e-Scooters to Increase Pedestrian Safety (8/31/2020) (sidewalk detection)
• Free app provides safer micromobility-specific GPS navigation for e-bikes and scooters (8/12/2020)
• Product Safety Regulations for Electric Bikes and Scooters (8/7/2020)
• Teleoperated scooters: Go X and Tortoise test micromobility’s future in Georgia pilot (7/7/2020)
• A new scooter company is in town, and technology is helping make sure devices stay clean (7/2/2020)
• Portland startup Ride Report raises $10 million to support e-scooters, rental bikes (3/12/2020) (Ride Report enables cities to track vehicle locations and usage so they can monitor compliance)
• This SF scooter company knows if you’re riding illegally on a sidewalk. Here’s how (1/28/2020)
• Bird deploys the Bird Two scooter in San Francisco (1/30/2020) (self reports damage)
• Autoliv Performs First Crash Test of an E-scooter Airbag (1/31/2020)
• This SF scooter company knows if you’re riding illegally on a sidewalk. Here’s how (1/28/2020)
• Lime uses sensor data to keep scooters off sidewalks (1/28/2020) (San Jose)
• Bird will give you free scooter rides if you take a selfie while wearing a helmet (11/19/2019)
• Spin's introduction of docking stations on private property (8/26/2019)
• Ford's (Spin) Bid for Safer Scooters? Sensors Everywhere (8/21/2019)
• Effectiveness of geofencing
  • US electronic scooter operator to pilot Irish GPS technology (12/10/2019)
  • Are e-scooters crossing boundaries set by the city? (7/3/2019)
• Austin Transportation publishes new dockless mobility open data tools (1/14/2019)
• Portland’s E-Scooter Pilot Could Set Public-Private Data Sharing Precedents for Mobility Partnerships (4/29/2019)
• Populus raises $3.1 million to help cities make sense of shared scooters and bikes (3/14/2019)
• A Fix for Electric Scooter Sidewalk Chaos: Solar Docks (3/13/2019)
• Skip Scooters Get a Latch so They Don't Junk Up the Sidewalks (10/20/2018)
  • Scooter company Skip outpaces Scoot in SF parking citations (2/4/2019)
• Bird flooded cities with electric scooters, and now it wants to help them better manage the influx (8/29/2018) (geofencing, data-sharing)
• As Cities Push Back Against E-Scooters, One Company Launches "GovTech Platform" (9/7/2018)

Scooter Companies Lobbying against Tighter State Regulation

• Bird goes after helmet laws for electric scooters (7/16/2018)

Vandalism

• Ellis attempts to get scooters and other contaminants out of city waterways (1/23/2020)
• They pulled 9 Lime scooters out of Commencement Bay. Now they want answers and solutions (1/17/2020) (Tacoma)
• Night Prowler in Florida Cut Electric Scooters’ Brakes, Police Say (10/2/2019) (Ft. Lauderdale, FL)

Vulnerability to Hacking

• New research exposes security risk for e-scooters and riders (1/23/2020)
• $30 plug-and-play kit converts a Bird scooter into a "personal scooter" (12/8/2018)
  • E-Scooter Startup Bird: We're Sorry for Sending Wild Legal Threats to Media Over Scooter Hacks (1/14/2019)

Effects of the Pandemic

• Scooter-sharing startup rides out pandemic with a successful pivot to consumer sales (2/15/2021)
• The Pandemic Has Shifted Where Scooters and Robots Fit In (11/17/2020) (increased duration and distance traveled)
• Scooter Ridership Resilient as Workers Remain Absent from Detroit (11/01/2020)
• Lime’s CEO on the future of scooters: ‘COVID has turned from a headwind into a tailwind’ (10/28/2020)
• E-scooters and bikes rebound as COVID-19 crisis keeps on rolling (9/2/2020)
• Shared scooters from Lime, Bird and Lyft are back in the Twin Cities, but old commuting patterns aren't (7/23/2020) (longer rides, higher rate of repeat rides by beginners)
• It’s Not Too Late to Turn the Electric Scooter Industry Around (6/29/2020)
• The Covid Crisis Could Finally Make the Scooter Industry Profitable (6/25/2020)
• Three Signs This Might Be Micromobility’s Big Moment (6/17/2020)
• Bike-share and e-scooter companies, hit hard by the pandemic, may come back stronger (5/18/2020)
• Uber And Bolt Are Betting On An E-Scooter Recovery After The Pandemic (5/15/2020)
• HOW THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS IS SPEEDING THE SCOOTER APOCALYPSE (5/13/2020)
• Are shared electric scooters going extinct? Lime’s valuation reportedly tanks (5/6/2020)
• Spin restarts scooter business in four markets (5/5/2020)
• As people return to a new normal, UT professor study how scooter & bike shares are affected (5/1/2020)
• Spin exec: The scooter industry will see a resurgence (4/28/2020)
• Scooter-sharing expected to bounce back from COVID-19 crisis (4/28/2020)
• How COVID-19 Will Reshape Bike And Scooter Rental Market 2020-2026 Survey Report Along with Statistics (4/24/2020)
• How electric scooters will factor into a post-lockdown world (4/22/2020)
• Anyone Feel Like Saving Electric Scooters? (4/16/2020) (Officials in Portland, Oregon, have provided financial incentives to keep e-scooter service available.)
• Unicorn Riding Scooter In Fatal Crash (4/14/2020)
• Once ubiquitous, e-scooters vanish from Atlanta amid coronavirus pandemic (4/7/2020)
• Lyft is offering free e-scooter trips to health care workers fighting COVID-19 (4/3/2020)
• No, Bird and Lime Were Not ‘Forced’ to Pull Fleets — or Fire Staff — Because of COVID-19 (3/31/2020)
• Scooter companies find dockless riding and pandemics don't mix (3/26/2020)
• E-Scooters Rely on China for Parts. Here’s How the Industry Is Weathering Coronavirus (3/23/2020)
• Scooter Giant Lime Preparing Layoffs as Rider Numbers Collapse (3/21/2020)
• Lime is yanking its electric scooters from California and Washington due to coronavirus (3/17/2020)
• Lyft flags production delays for scooter, bike parts due to coronavirus (2/28/2020)
• The Frenzied Era of E-Scooters Is Over (2/27/2020)