Last revised: 7/30/2020
Latest additions marked New>

Noteworthy Regulatory Elements

National Organizations Furnishing Guidance on Resources and Best Practices

National Association of City Transportation Officials, NACTO Guidelines for the Regulation and Management of Shared Active Transportation
Shared-Use Mobility Center, Learning Module: Electric Scootersharing
Transportation for America, Shared Mobility Playbook
Open Mobility Foundation
- Formation of (6/25/2019)
- More on (6/25/2019)

Some Noteworthy Elements

Approving a small number of companies with more in reserve should those approved fail to meet commitments

For its 2020 pilot, one city (Minneapolis) has licensed two scooter share companies, Bird and Lyft, but also approved four alternates to which it will turn should either Bird or Lyft fail to meet their contractual commitments.

Allocation of litigation and liability risk between the rental companies and local government

A major issue, underscored by lawsuits against local governments under the Americans with Disabilities Act and state counterparts, is the allocation of litigation risk and liability. Disagreement over how to address the issue led to Bird's withdrawal from Peoria, Arizona. Bird also declined to agree to the terms of the Corpus Christi, Texas ordinance which included an indemnification provision. Another company (Blue Duck) signed the new agreement. San Antonio’s rules require indemnification.

Santa Monica specifies language releasing the city and its employees from liability that operators must insert in their agreements with scooter users.

Citizen involvement in rule enforcement and performance monitoring

San Antonio, Texas has released an app that allows citizens to report violations of its rules governing the parking and operation of e-scooters with a photo of the infraction. Examples include: improper parking, unsafe riding, blocking sidewalks, and fallen vehicles. With time and location such reports could allow scooter companies to impose charges on their customers for failures to comply with local rules.

Fees

Most communities are imposing fees. These are of at least two kinds. Per permit and per vehicle fees, like those imposed by Santa Monica, are being justified as providing needed funding for improvements to bike lanes and other accommodations to the presence of large numbers of e-scooters on city streets and sidewalks, as well as the costs of rule enforcement. Other fees are designed to provide incentives for the rental companies to address problems created by their customers. A fee for failure to move improperly parked scooters within a specified period of their being reported illustrates this type. Charlotte, NC is implementing fees that will be adjusted according to a wider range of measures of customer adherence to local rules.

Specialized Enforcement staff

With limited traffic and code enforcement personnel, few municipalities have managed to give e-scooter (and e-bike) riding and parking violations sufficient attention. Hoboken, NJ, is using fees collected from a shared scooter operator to hire enforcement officers focused on these new devices. Elizabeth, NJ, has secured two scooters from its shared-system operator for use on scooter-patrol.

Designated parking areas on sidewalks or streets rather than pick-your-own

Numbers of communities, finding that merely adopting a set of rules concerning the sort of places one should park and not park yields frustratingly poor results, are turning to designated parking zones. San Diego is one. In the summer of 2019, it altered the city's shared scooter regulations to require that scooters be parked in one of numerous city-marked "corrals." In most cases these are marked within paved portions of the sidewalk "furnishing zone." Seattle is studying the possibility of establishing such areas in the street (thereby displacing automobile parking spaces).

Impounding improperly parked or operated e-scooters

A long-established response to unlawfully parked or operated vehicles is to tow and impound, placing the cost of removal and storage on the owner. Private operators, operating in San Diego, have begun offering such a service to property owners who want e-scooters parked on their real estate without permission removed. The City of San Diego has also itself dealt with large scale parking violations by removing and impounding e-scooters. Since it places a significant cost triggered by customer non-compliance on the e-scooter rental companies this enforcement measure holds promise. Phoenix has contracted with a private firm for scooter removal. Richmond is selling off scooters that it had impounded for code violations.

Geofencing

Geofencing has emerged as a potentially promising way to harness the e-scooters' technology and the rental companies' GPS tracking to enforce limitations on speed and where scooters can be ridden and parked. Requiring companies to inform their customers of state and local regulations and urge compliance, and then counting on public employees to respond to widespread rule violations has, to date, proven to be of limited effectiveness. Geofencing by Spin enforces parking and speed restrictions imposed by Oklahoma State. The University of Texas enforces an 8 mph speed limit on e-scooters entering its Austin campus by geofencing. The University of Arizona, with the cooperation of Tucson, is excluding scooters from its campus by geofencing. The pilot program in Charlottesville, VA is employing geofencing to slow scooters in areas of pedestrian density. Both Bird and Lime are participating. As of July 1, 2019, San Jose,CA is simply requiring that scooter share companies have technology in place that will enforce the state's ban on operating e-scooters on sidewalks. Santa Monica, CA is employing it extensively.

Geofencing is, however, not without safety issues; and implementation has proven a challenge. To begin, GPS tracking is not be sufficiently precise to distinguish a sidewalk from its adjacent roadway or assure that a scooter is within a designated parking corral. Moreover, this is one area among several in which the e-scooter share companies have exhibited difficulty matching manageable municipal requirements. At least that has been true with recent geofencing failures in Tallahassee, Tampa, and San Diego. Moreover, a device entering a "do not ride" zone can be programmed to stop (which may require the provider to reset it), slow to a crawl (2 or 3 m.p.h.), and/or give a textual or auditory alert to the rider. A ban on scooters by Beverley Hills, CA is experienced differently by riders of Bird, Jump, and Lime due to how the companies have implemented geofencing. The same appears to be the case with "no ride" zones in Tampa.

Clear rules, clearly presented

Rider failure to comply with regulations governing where and how pe-scooters can lawfully be ridden and parked is a serious challenge to any community trying to exercise serious control. That challenge is particularly acute in communities that draw large numbers of short-term visitors. Extensive signage, illustrated statements of how and how not to park, marked out e-scooter parking places or areas, and public education programs, New>including videos (Charlottesville and Portland) and some that catch riders where they are, are among the measures being brought to bear on the problem.

Special provision for events drawing large crowds

Cities with major athletic teams, regularly occurring special events, and other occasions drawing large crowds are wise to anticipate them with special regulations on where e-scooters can be driven (and how fast) and where they can be parked. Even in the absence of such recurring events, permitting schemes can, and probably should, reserve the authority to impose special limits on share system operators and their customers upon reasonable notice. In Austin, University of Texas football games trigger different e-scooter operating rules. Two hours before game time at Coors Field in Denver riding close to the stadium is prohibited. During San Diego's Comic Con 2019 e-scooters were included in the ban on traffic near the convention center.

Data-sharing

As communities seek to understand the potential place of dockless e-scooters and e-bicycles in their overall transportation plan, having detailed information about frequency of use, length and location of journey, and time of day is enormously important. The technology involved makes it possible for the rental companies to furnish it in real time. Some cities are, like Los Angeles and Santa Monica, requiring it and even requesting that data access be available to the public. For the argument in support of such public access data-sharing, see Private Data Islands or Public Data Oasis? Why Cities Need Mandatory Mobility APIs (Spring 2019).

Adjusting numbers on the basis of usage

The pilot program in Charlottesville, Virginia allows a company to introduce additional scooters beyond its initial quota if “if the Permittee can demonstrate an average of at least four (4) trips per operational device per day over a full month, and compliance with this program’s requirements.” It also allows a company “to reduce its fleet size on a monthly basis in the event Permittee’s fleet provides on average less than one rider per device per day.” Adjustments either direction affect a company’s per day per device fee.

Distribution of the vehicles around the city and reduced fees for lower-income users

The pilot program in Austin, Texas allows for the deployment of additional scooters outside the area covered by the initial permit, subject to GPS tracking data verification. To assure equitable distribution across the city’s neighborhood’s, Oakland, California’s ordinance requires that at least half an operator’s scooters “be deployed in Oakland's Communities of Concern (as designated by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission).” It also insists that they “offer a discounted membership plan for those with low-incomes, equivalent to five dollars ($5.00) for one (1) year of unlimited 30 minute rides for those who participate in the State Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) or California Alternative rates for Energy (CARE).” Other cities are relying on positive incentives to improve deployment to low-income and low-vehicle neighborhoods.

Access for those without credit cards or smart phones

Regulations in both Charlottesville, Virginia and Oakland, California require scooter companies to “provide a non-credit card and non-smartphone mechanism to access [their] services.”

Last revised: 5/16/2022
Latest additions marked NEW>

Local Government and Community Responses to Scooters -
By State and City

AL (state law on e-scooters)

Birmingham
- Get ready to ride…again! Electric bikes + scooters are back in Birmingham (11/10/2020) (new ordinance) (Gotcha & Veo)

AR (state law on e-scooters)

Little Rock
- Little Rock board approves rule tweaks, revenue collection on scooters (12/2/2020) (banned from certain neighborhoods, one rider only, helmets required for operators under 18)
- Little Rock Partners With E-Scooter Company To Launch Pilot Program (12/24/2018)

AZ (state law on e-scooters)

Peoria
- Ordinance authorizing pilot program (12/9/2018)
  - Flying the coop: Bird scooters to no longer fly in Peoria after negotiations end (1/24/2019) (A key issue between city and scooter company was the allocation of risk and exposure to liability and law suits.)
  - Scooters to be removed from Glendale (2/11/2019)
Phoenix
- New Fees and Ordinance to be Proposed in Feb. 2019
  - After Complying With City Rules, Lime Scooters Will Return to Downtown Phoenix (9/25/2019)
  - Where'd All The Scooters Go? 3 Days Into Pilot Program, Bird And Lime Disappear From Phoenix (9/23/2019)
  - Phoenix Prepares For Downtown Scooters, Hires Retrieval Company (9/5/2019)
  - E-scooters launch mid-September in downtown Phoenix (8/26/2019)
  - Love 'Em or Hate 'Em, Electric Scooters Could Soon Come to Downtown Phoenix (1/19/2019)
Scottsdale
- Ordinance (11/13/2018)
  - Uber brings 1,000 electric bikes and scooters to Scottsdale, Mesa (1/15/2019)
Tempe
- Resolution establishing licensing program li (1/10/2019)
- Terms and conditions of license (1/10/2019)
  - Tempe passes license to regulate scooter and dockless bike companies (1/11/2019)
Tucson
- Shared mobility device ordinance
- Developments:
  - E-scooter parking now available along 4th Avenue (1/24/2020)
  - E-Scooter Companies Work to Revise Rules Amid Complaints (1/9/2020)
  - UA, TDOT partner for e-scooter research projects (12/9/2019)
  - Tucson City Council tells companies to solve e-scooter problems in neighborhoods (12/4/2019)
  - Lessons from Tempe: City explains e-scooter regulations (9/9/2019)
  - Rental electric scooters will slowly stop if rider enters UA campus (9/9/2019)
  - E- Scooter Pilot Program (launched 9/12/2019)

CA (state law on e-scooters)

Bakersfield
- Bird scooters are back. Are they here to stay? (12/24/2020)
Berkeley
- Requires all firms offering transportation services to have a franchise agreement with the city (in addition to a business license). As of late summer 2018 no scooter company had been granted one. After shared bikes, scooters: Berkeley wrestles with how to handle them (8/14/2018)
- In 2019 it invited applications to participate in a pilot
Long Beach
- E-scooter share program
  - Long Beach is losing (lots of) money every month that it doesn’t regulate e-scooters (1/29/2019) (because it charges no fee)
Los Angeles
- Where did all the scooters go? (3/2/2020)
- L.A. wins appeal in fight with Uber over scooter and bike data (1/11/2020)
- Uber Challenges Los Angeles’s Suspension of Its Scooters (11/14/2019)
- L.A. Wants to Know Where Scooter Commuters Are Going. Uber Says That’s Government Surveillance (11/5/2019)
- Uber sues LA in bid to protect scooter riders’ geolocation data (10/30/2019)
- Los Angeles Suspends Uber’s Scooters Over Data Fight (10/30/2019)
- UCLA Transportation agreement with e-scooter companies to impose new restrictions (9/15/2019)
- A Controversial Scooter Data Tracking Program Gains Traction (8/23/2019)
- LAPD Launches Task Force To Crack Down On Scooters (8/22/2019)
- As scooters flood Los Angeles, the number of tickets written to riders is soaring (8/23/2019)
- These Sidewalk Stencils Aim To Curb LA Scooter Scofflaws' Bad Riding (8/2/2019)
- E-scooters now seem less likely to run people off sidewalks (7/20/2019)
Los Angeles County:
- L.A. County Bike-Share Systems Varied Responses to COVID-19 (4/14/2020)
- Scooters took over Venice and Santa Monica. L.A. County has a different plan (1/21/2019)
Oakland
- Ordinance (9/17/2018)
- Developments:
  - Coronavirus: Lyft pulls electric scooters out of San Jose, Oakland (4/30/2020)
  - Oakland OKs 3,500 rental e-scooters from Bird, Lime, Lyft, Clevr (7/2/2019)
    - OakDOT Announces Permits for Shared E-Scooters (7/10/2019)
  - Mobility and Equity: How Oakland is getting scooter regulation right — and changing the complexion of urban transportation (7/17/2019)
Sacramento
- Ordinance (4/2/2019)
- Regulations (4/25/2019)
- Developments:
  - NEW>Sacramento's new rules for e-bikes and scooters in 2022 (1/19/2022)
  - Electric scooters make quiet return to Sacramento (6/23/2020)
  - Riding an e-scooter on the sidewalk in Sacramento could now cost you $207 (11/19/2019)
  - Sacramento now has 2 electric scooter options. What’s the difference between Jump and Lime? (7/31/2019)
  - Scooters can help Sacramento’s traffic and air. Are you riding them correctly? (7/25/2019)
San Diego
- City Council Passes Dockless Scooter Rules (5/10/2019)
  - Shared mobility devices ordinance (5/17/2019)
  - Fees (4/26/2019)
- Rules and regulations
- Bicycle and scooter sharing
- Developments:
  - San Diego proposes sweeping crackdown on scooters as usage revives after pandemic lull (5/1/2022) (proposed new rules before city council)
    - Staff Report recommending changes in Shared Mobility Device (SMD) regulations
      - annual fee for each company could increase to $20,000, up from a little more than $5,100
      - the number of operators would be reduced from seven to between two and four
      - e-bicycles would be included in the program
      - Among the proposed new requirements:
        
        technology alerting users when they ride e-scooters onto sidewalks or other banned areas
        
        response to complaints about the scooters, reducing the maximum from three hours to one
        
        to prevent usage by underage drivers a required scan of driver's license
        
        placement of device ID in large font on both sides of device
      - A new factor in selection: distribution of devices in low-income areas
  - San Diego's e-scooter barons lobby up (6/21/2021)
  - Scooters nearly went extinct in San Diego due to COVID-19. Now use is climbing again (8/27/2020)
  - San Diego preps to enforce scooter boardwalk ban (2/20/2020)
  - New Polls Show San Diegans Want Stricter Regs on Scooters, Oppose Bike Lanes in Exchange for Loss of Parking (1/13/2020)
  - San Diego bans e-scooters along the boardwalk from Mission Beach to La Jolla (12/16/2019)
  - Lime Scooters Aren’t Going Anywhere, City Loses Battle To Revoke Operating Permit [for ineffective implementation of geofencing] (12/6/2019)
  - San Diego proposes midnight curfew, other rule changes for dockless e-scooters (11/20/2019)
  - Scooter Frustrations and Sharp Ridership Falloff (10/26/2019) (Is it more stringent regulation or a seasonal drop?)
  - New rules shaping scooter use in San Diego (10/10/2019)
  - Welcome to San Diego. Don’t Mind the Scooters. (9/16/2019)
  - Jump out of San Diego citing rules (9/12/2019)
  - City releases online map of all electric scooter corrals (9/27/2019) (map)
  - City impounds 2,500 scooters during Comic-Con weekend (7/22/2019)
  - San Diego Mayor: Scooter companies caught violating speed rules (7/19/2019)
  - Deadline reached for San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer's scooter company ultimatum (7/30/2019)
  - The Battle Over Scooter Impound In San Diego May Help Cities Improve Scooter Hygiene (7/30/2019)
San Francisco
- Ordinances and SFMTA rules:
  - Parking (1/9/2018)
  - Powered Scooter Share Program (4/24/2018)
  - Moving Down the Road With E Scooters (9/25/2019)
- Developments:
  - San Francisco Rolls Out E-Scooter Program that Accommodates People with Disabilities (11/24/2021)
  - With public transit still struggling, shared bikes and scooters are booming (10/4/2021)
  - Lime launches new fleet of adaptive e-scooters in San Francisco (2/18/2021) (3 wheeled with and without seats)
  - New era for SF scooters: Companies to get longer permits, stricter rules (1/19/2021)
  - Lime adding 1,000 S.F. scooters after city approval (11/23/2020)
  - S.F. to add 500 more scooters while seeking changes to permit program (1/15/2021)
  - E-Scooter Companies Scoot, Lime, and Jump Halt Operations in SF; Spin Continues Running (3/22/2020)
  - Rogue SF e-scooter company says it’s back in business. Not so fast, city officials say (1/10/2020)
  - S.F. city attorney orders rebel e-scooter company to shut down immediately (1/8/2020)
  - Hundreds more scooters to zip down SF street s (12/14/2019)
  - SF wants startups to behave, so why did it reject the ‘nice guy’ of e-scooters? (12/13/2019)
  - Uber, Spin, and Lime scooters are now legal in San Francisco, but Skip is out (10/15/2019)
  - How Lime, Scoot, JUMP and Spin plan to deploy adaptive scooters (10/2/2019)
  - Jump, Lime, Scoot, Spin to operate scooters in SF, but not all in city are happy about it (9/25/2019)
  - The next great wave of scooters could soon roll into SF (8/23/2019)
  - Scooter start-up (Scoot) promised to serve a whole city. Then it cut out two poor areas (8/15/2019)
  - Bird, Not authorized for shared scooter rental in San Francisco to offer individual monthly rentals in the city
    - Bird Begins Renting Scooters by the Month in San Francisco and Barcelona (4/30/2019)
    - Banned Bird Scooters Return to San Francisco (5/1/2019)
  - SF to Boost E-Scooter Rentals to 1,600, with Option to Grow to 2,500 (4/15/2019)
  - Electric Scooter Fleets to Double in San Francisco (but must be lockable) (4/15/2019)
  - Lime loses appeal to operate electric scooters in SF (2/13/2019)
  - MTA decision gives Spin hope for e-scooter future in SF (1/30/2019)
San Jose
- Shared Micro-Mobility Devices Ordinance (12/18/2018)
- Requirement of technology enforcing sidewalk ban
- Developments:
  - Scooter aware: AI-endowed e-scooters hit San Jose streets (3/9/2021) [Link]
San Marino
- City to Devise Rules of the Road for E-Scooters (1/24/2019)
Santa Monica – Shared Mobility Pilot Program
- Ordinance (9/11/2018)
- Program Rules (9/25/2018)
- Developments:
  - Everything to know about Santa Monica’s four e-scooter and e-bike providers (7/9/2021)
  - E-scooters and e-bikes are making a come back (5/8/2021)
  - Lime leaves Santa Monica permanently, other scooter companies continue operation (4/29/2020)
  - Shared Mobility Pilot Program Summary Report (11/2019) (account of the report)
  - Did your rented e-scooter suddenly shut down? Blame the invisible geofence (9/17/2019)
  - Long Beach is losing (lots of) money every month that it doesn’t regulate e-scooters (1/29/2019) (describes the Santa Monica fee structure)

CO (state law on e-scooters)

Boulder –
- Moratorium:
  - Boulder prepares for e-scooter invasion with an emergency moratorium (6/27/2019)
  - Boulder extends temporary e-scooter moratorium to April (12/3/2019)
- Developments:
  - Boulder planning transition to new bike share program that includes e-bikes, scooters (10/27/2020)
  - Boulder City Council to hear about three options for shared e-scooters (8/30/2020)
  - Why Boulder Blocked Electric Scooters (9/13/2019)
Breckenridge – Colorado city bans electric scooters as popularity grows (8/17/2019)
Colorado Springs
- E-scooters are scooting into the Springs (7/21/2021)
Denver – Ordinance Passed Authorizing and Regulating the Use of Scooters in City Streets (1/7/2019) (in advance of but anticipating a state law change)
- Report supporting the ordinance (12/11/2018)
- Ordinance (1/7/20 19)
- Developments:
  - NEW>Lime Launches Fleet of 2200 Gen4 E-Scooters in Denver (1/30/2022)
  - New rules for e-scooter riders implemented in city of Denver (8/29/2019)
  - City council members vote to remove scooters from Denver sidewalks (8/27/2019)
  - Bird’s Invasion of Union Station Shows Need for Scooter Watchdog (8/26/2019)
  - Denver still doing scooter education rather than enforcement (7/29/2019)
- Arvada – Arvada begins pilot project allowing dockless e-scooters for rent (4/25/2021) (adjacent to regional light rail stops)
- Aurora – First electric scooters coming to Aurora next week (5/4/2021)
Ft. Collins – Bird scooters to relaunch in Fort Collins (7/2/2020)
Pueblo – Pueblo set to receive electronic scooters (4/26/2021)

CT

Bridgeport – ‘A game changer’: Bridgeport partners with Bethel-based Lynx on electric scooter pilot program (7/6/2020)
Hartford – E-Scooters arrive in Hartford to offer green, sustainable, option to get around (4/22/2021) (Link)
Middletown – Middletown soliciting proposals for bicycle, scooter sharing program (11/21/2021)

DC

DC Dockless Vehicle Program
- Terms and Conditions for 2019 Permits
DC Bill defining and regulating e-bikes, e-scooters, and shared systems
DC Bill Would Give Scooter, E-Bike Riders More Legal Rights (1/24/2019)
- Proposed amendment would require that scooter and e-bike riders be found at least 50 percent liable before their civil claims for damages are denied
Developments:
- D.C. extends permits for scooter, dockless bike operators through June (11/18/2021)
- Starting Friday, Rentable Scooters In D.C. Have To Be Locked To Bike Racks Or Signs (9/29/2021)
- Scooter companies push back against proposed permit system in D.C. (9/3/2021) (proposal would limit number of companies renting scooters)
- This New Scooter Will Angrily Beep At You If You Ride On A D.C. Sidewalk (5/14/2021) (Spin)
- New Bill Approved By D.C. Council Requires Scooters To Be Locked To Racks, Limits Speeds On E-Bikes (10/20/2020)
- Bird, Lime, Bolt, Razor lose appeals to operate in DC (2/27/2020)
- D.C Is Installing Corrals For All Those Errantly Parked Dockless Scooters (1/24/2020)
  - DC officials announce 100 new bike and scooter parking zones (1/25/2020)
- District Proposal Would Cut The Number Of Dockless Scooter Operators In Half (10/1/2019)
  - Lime, Bird, three others lose appeals to operate scooters in D.C. (2/27/2020) (leaving Jump, Lyft, Skip and Spin)
  - DDOT Slams Brakes On Planned Scooter Fleet Changes, Allows Excluded Companies To Appeal (12/26/2019)
  - Bolt, Bird, Lime, And Razor Scooters Will Be Off D.C. Streets In 2020 (12/3/2019)
- Open Data Policies Make DC’s Scooter market More Competitive (4/9/2019)
- Uber-Owned Jump Is Hopping Into The D.C. Scooter Scene (4/9/2019)

FL (state law on e-scooters)

Fort Lauderdale and Lauderdale by the Sea: Another South Florida city wrestles with scooter craze (1/17/2019)
Gainesville:
- Gainesville And UF Launch Electric Scooters For Riders To Rent On Campus, Around The City (6/9/2021)
- ‘Micromobility Devices’ — Also Known As Scooters — Could Come To Gainesville In 2020 Under City Regulation (12/6/2019)
Jacksonville
- Electric scooters have arrived in downtown Jacksonville. Here's how you can use them. (3/5/2021)
Orlando
- Clutter vs. convenience: In Orlando, scooters appear here to stay after vote (7/15/2021)
- Winter Park to ban commercial electric scooters, bikes (6/24/2020)
Miami
- Rented electric scooters are being allowed back in downtown Miami for five weeks (11/29/2021) (subject to additional regulations and enforcement)
- Miami commission votes to banish electric scooters from its streets (11/19/2021)
- Miami's Scooter Program to Resume Jan. 15, With New Rules in Place (1/4/2021) (new provisions focused on underage riding and sidewalk clutter)
- Helbiz Re-Deploys E-Scooters in Miami, Florida (10/29/2020)
St. Petersburg:
- Micromobility ordinance
- Developments:
  - Electric scooters hit the streets in St. Petersburg (11/9/2020) (Razor & Veo) (Parking restricted to corrals)
  - E-scooters may be coming soon to a street near you (8/19/2020)
  - St. Pete considers tweaks for scooter program (7/26/2019)
Tallahassee:
- Two e-scooter companies told to corral fleet over geofence issues (7/26/2019)
- Tallahassee requires Bird and Gotcha to remove scooters after geofence issues (7/26/2019)
- City re-tests new geofence boundaries after e-scooter issues (7/25/2019)
Tampa:
- Scooters are back on Tampa streets after coronavirus shelved them for seven weeks (7/24/2020)
- Bikes vs. Scooters: Does Tampa Bay have room for both? (3/2/2020)
- Electric scooters racking up tickets – but not in Tampa (2/20/2020)
- Tampa releases progress report on electronic scooter popularity (12/10/2019)
- E-Scooter Docking Stations Now Set Up in Tampa (8/9/2019)
- Who's Tampa's e-scooter grinch? Maybe not the person you think (8/9/2019)
West Palm Beach
- Scooter commuters? West Palm OKs e-scooter rentals for in and around downtown (9/4/2019)

GA

Athens
- Athens-Clarke County votes to permanently ban e-scooters (11/6/2020)
Atlanta
- Ordinance (1/7/2019)
- Atlanta City Council Approves Legislation Regulating Shareable Dockless Mobility Devices and More at First Full Council Meeting of 2019 (1/8/2019)
- Developments:
  - Scooters Return to Atlanta’s Streets With Newcomer Spin, a Ford Motor Company (7/2/2020)
  - Atlanta rolls out new guidelines as e-scooters return to streets (7/1/2020)
  - Veo Expands to Atlanta With Shared Stand-Up & Seated E-Scooters (6/29/2020)
  - Atlanta to renew scooter operators’ permits on a month-to-month basis (1/22/2020)
  - Atlanta, scooter companies bump heads over impounds (12/4/2019)
  - City of Atlanta fails to collect $200K in scooter impound fees (11/08/2019)
  - Atlanta, Other Cities Search for Solutions to Scooter Woes (8/30/2019)
  - Crackdowns Spread as Atlanta Imposes Night Ban on E-Scooters and E-Bikes (8/14/2019)
  - Responding to nighttime e-scooter ban, mobility protest will ‘put car to bed’—literally (8/13/2019)
  - Atlanta mayor imposes nighttime e-scooter and e-bike ban, effective Friday (8/8/2019)
  - Atlanta pauses scooter permits after deaths (7/25/2019)
- Surrounding Communities:
  - Tucker bans shareable e-scooters and e-bikes (10/28/2019) (also the case with Alpharetta, Marietta Norcross, and Smyrna)
  - Snellville extends moratorium on rentable scooters, bikes (2/20/2020)
Decatur
- Ordinance (9/16/2019)
- Developments:
  - Decatur e-scooters vanish four months after passing ordinance (Lime pulling out of entire Atlanta metro area) (1/31/2020)
  - Decatur City Commission approves e-scooter ordinance (9/17/2019)

IA

Cedar Rapids:
- E-Scooters make a comeback in second year of Cedar Rapids bike-share program (6/29/2020)
Waterloo
- Waterloo updates scooter ordinance, citing issues (8/2/2021)
- Safety concerns arise as hundreds of e-scooters pack the Waterloo area (7/19/2021)

ID

Boise
- No rider, no problem: New remote-controlled scooters head for Boise in first-in-the-world test (1/30/2021)
Idaho Falls
- E-scooters: Idaho Falls considers new form of transportation (1/29/2019)

IL

Chicago
- NEW>Scooter-Sharing Program
- Developments:
  - NEW>Divvy launches scooters and new pricing, but some members aren’t happy with the latter (5/11/2022) (docked e-scooters located in the downtown area from which dockless scooters - Lime, Spin, and Superpedestrian - are banned)
  - NEW>After previous pilot programs, Chicago to officially roll out electric scooters this spring (4/7/2022) (Lime, Spin, and Superpedestrian - 2 year permits - 3,000 scooters total, plus another 1,000 Lyft scooters in the Divvy bikeshare program)
  - E-Scooters Return To Chicago For 2-Years Under New Plan (10/14/2021)
  - Plan proposed to shift electric scooters from pilot to permanent in Chicago (6/23/2021)
  - Effort to Greenlight Scooters Permanently in Chicago Hits Pothole (6/3/2021)
  - Over a half-million trips taken on e-scooters in 2020, city survey shows (5/14/2021)
  - 2020 E-SCOOTER PILOT EVALUATION (5/2021)
  - Chicago's second e-scooter pilot ends, long-term availability still uncertain (12/14/2020)
  - Ridership down 22% in city's second e-scooter pilot program (12/11/2020)
  - Chicago’s second electric scooter pilot better than the first — though ridership rate is down (9/16/2020)
  - Chicago E-Scooters (twitter account)
    - Which is best: Bird, Lime, or Spin? The “Chicago Scooters” tweeter test-rode all three (9/12/2020)
  - Chicago lock-to rule means scooters are parked on bike racks. Is that a problem or NBD? (9/4/2020)
  - Seated e-scooters are coming to Chicago to provide an option for people with disabilities (8/26/2020)
  - 2nd Scooter Pilot Starts Aug. 12 With Bird, Lime And Spin (7/30/2020)
  - 2nd Scooter Pilot Will Start in August (7/16/2020)
  - Electric Scooters Return to Chicago This Summer With a Quadrupled Fleet (6/23/2020)
  - Love Them Or Hate Them, E-Scooters Are Returning To Chicago This Summer (6/14/2020)
  - Report: Chicago’s dockless scooter pilot came up short on Black and Latino ridership (3/13/2020)
  - Next Scooter Pilot Could Have Lockable Scooters — And Fewer Companies Participating (3/10/2020)
  - A breakdown of Chicago's scooter pilot, by the numbers (1/31/2020)
  - Electric scooters will again descend on Chicago after first polarizing test in the city (1/29/2020)
  - Scooters are off Chicago’s streets. Will the city let them come back? (10/16/2019)
  - City rolls out fines for scooter companies violating rules of pilot program (7/12/2019)
  - A Day in the Life of Chicago's E-Scooter Pilot Program (8/14/2019)
    - Chicago’s scooters are mostly being used during rush hour, and 3 other things to know about the devices (8/19/2019)
  - One Month In, Complaints Piling Up For City’s Scooter Pilot Program (7/30/2019)
  - Chicago scooter demand outpaces supply, says Lime (7/26/2019)
  - CPD Reports Detail Incidents From the Early Days of the Scooter Pilot (7/26/2019)

IN (state law on e-scooters)

Ft. Wayne:
- New scooters must follow rules of road (10/6/2019)
Indianapolis:
- Ordinance licensing and regulating "shared mobility operators"
- Regulations governing the licensing of "shared mobility operators" adopted May 10, 2019
South Bend
- Shared mobility device ordinance
West Lafayette
- Purdue invites Spin back, WL watching to see how shared scooters blend with COVID-19 caution (8/30/2020)

KS (state law on e-scooters)

Emporia:
- Electric scooters coming to Emporia (6/29/2021)
Manhattan:
- Electric scooters make their debut in Manhattan as the fall semester begins (8/27/2020)
- K-State and Manhattan get new LINK Scooters (8/13/2020)
Topeka:
- Topekans ‘drawing penises’ with e-scooter skid marks at levels Bird hasn’t seen in other cities (6/15/2021)
Wichita:
- Electric Scooter Rentals in Wichita (8/2020)
- Scooter concept ready to go before Wichita City Council (1/17/2019)

KY (state law on e-scooters)

Louisville:
- Louisville to add designated parking spots for e-scooters (11/14/2019)
- Look Out, Bird and Lime. 5 More Dockless Scooter Companies Are Licensed in Louisville (6/20/2019)

LA (state law on e-scooters)

Lafayette – Robideaux asks companies to temporarily remove scooters (1/22/2019)

MA (state law on e-scooters)

Boston:
- Wheels Brings MicroMobility to UMass Boston and the MBTA (11/10/2021)
- Will Scooters Soon Fly Down Boston Streets? There's One Big Holdup (6/28/2021) (absence of a state statute)
Brookline:
- ‘A wild ride’: Brookline grapples with high demand, headaches as electric scooter pilot zips along (7/26/2019)
- E-Scooters Launch In Brookline, Accident Sends Woman To Hospital Minutes Later (4/1/2019) (in advance of but anticipating a state law change)

MD (state law on e-scooters)

Baltimore:
- Dockless Vehicle Pilot Program (ended 7/30/2020)
- 18 E-Scooters, 5 Bicycles Pulled From Bottom Of Inner Harbor (9/10/2020)

MI

Ann Arbor:
- Ann Arbor moving to adopt new regulations for e-scooters, e-bikes (9/7/2021) (personal mobility vehicle ordinance)
- Ann Arbor renews Spin scooter contract with disinfecting protocols in place (6/3/2020)
Grand Rapids:
- Grand Rapids grows micromobility pilot with more e-scooters, bikes (6/11/2021)
- Hundreds of rentable electric scooters come to downtown Grand Rapids (9/30/2020)
- Hundreds of rentable electric scooters, bikes coming to Grand Rapids (5/13/2020)
Iron Mountain
- Flock of motorized Bird scooters pop up in Iron Mountain (MI) (7/20/2021)
Lansing:
- New partnership brings e-scooters back to campus (4/26/2021) (Spin)
- Michigan State OKs contract with Gotcha for e-scooters on campus (8/10/2020)
- Gotcha scooters return to East Lansing despite coronavirus pandemic (4/21/2020)

MN (state law on e-scooters)

Duluth – Duluth scouts out scooter policy (12/30/2018)
Minneapolis:
- Motorized Foot Scooters Extended Pilot
- Developments:
  - Pandemic revs up demand for scooters in Twin Cities (8/30/2020)
  - Chicago, Minneapolis Give E-Scooters Another Go (7/29/2020) (expanded scope and an emphasis on equity)
  - Shared scooters from Lime, Bird and Lyft are back in the Twin Cities, but old commuting patterns aren't (7/23/2020)
  - Minneapolis has entered in to a license agreement with Bird and Lyft scooters for 2020. The program runs through March 31, 2021 (7/16/2020)
  - Minneapolis City Council approves Bird and Lyft for this summer's scooters (6/26/2020)
  - Pandemic prompts redesign of Minneapolis shared scooter program (6/17/2020)
  - Minneapolis pilots mobility hubs combining transit, scooters and bicycles (9/29/2019)
  - Mpls. Selects 4 Operators For E-Scooter Pilot Program, Doesn’t Include Bird (4/22/2019)
Rochester:
- Lime scooters will launch in Rochester June 10 (6/8/2020)
St. Paul:
- Shared Motorized Foot Scooter FAQs
- Developments:
  - Scooters for hire return to St. Paul streets:
    California-based Lime and Bird will deploy 1,200 of the dockless vehicles. (5/5/2021)
  - Lme scooters iroll back into St. Paul, with Bird not far behind (4/30/2021)
  - City Council approves measure to bring scooters to St. Paul (7/8/2020)
  - Lime scooters to return to St. Paul through Nov. 30 (7/7/2020)
  - Bird, Lime and Spin to Roll E-Scooters into St. Paul (4/23/2019)

MO

St. Joseph
- St. Joseph Establishes Rules for Shared-Use Electric Scooters (6/15/2021)
Washington
- City pumps brakes on midnight scooter rides (9/15/2021) (curfew, impact fee)

NC (state law on e-scooters)

Charlotte
- Ordinance:
  - Regulating bicycles, e-bicycles, and e-scooters
  - Governing shared-luse mobility systems
- Shared Scooter Program
- Developments:
  - Helbiz brings e-scooters to Charlotte, NC and launches adaptive vehicles (4/26/2022) (a wheelchair attachment and a sit-down three-wheeled device)
  - Charlotte's Scooters Are Making A Comeback (6/19/2021)
  - Charlotte is piloting corrals where riders are supposed to park their scooters (1/6/2020)
  - Lime says Charlotte e-scooter riders have passed the million-mile mark (8/13/2019)
  - Scoot Responsibly? You Could Pay Less. But if You Don’t, Scooter Costs Could Rise (3/26/2019)
  - Charlotte, N.C., Moves to Ban E-Scooters in Parts of the City (1/15/2019)
Durham –
- Ordinance
- Developments:
  - E-scooter fleet launches in Durham (9/7/2021)
Greensboro – Bird, Lime scooters set to return to Greensboro with "pilot program" (1/28/2019)
Raleigh – Electric scooter companies run into a roadblock trying to follow the law in Raleigh (1/14/2019) (Effort to register scooters with state DMV failed since they lack vehicle identification numbers and titles)
- Bye bye Bird and Lime. New electric scooters arriving soon in Raleigh (8/5/2019)
- Gotcha: As Bird and Lime scooters leave Raleigh, a new e-ride company is in town (7/30/2019)
- Bird, Lime, Electric Scooters Leaving Raleigh over High Fees (3/29/2019)
Winston-Salem - Electric scooters back on Winston-Salem streets after two companies set to resume service (11/9/2020)

NE

Lincoln
- Lincoln’s scooter pilot kicks-off with dozens of scooters parked on downtown street corners (9/1/2020)
- Lincoln scooter program set for new launch in September (8/25/2020)
Omaha
- Scooters return to Omaha: City Council votes in favor of another electric scooter pilot program (7/14/2020)
- Electric scooters to return to Omaha with a clear set of rules (6/9/2020)

NJ (state law on e-scooters)

Asbury Park
- Ordinance (2019)
- Pilot Program (ending June 2020)
- Developments:
  - LINK E-Scooters to Launch in Asbury Park (4/29/2021)
  - Report on first month of pilot (Aug. 2 - Sept. 2)
Elizabeth
- Officials unanimously vote to cancel e-scooter contract following teen’s death (11/26/2019)
Hoboken
- Ordinance (2019)
- Developments:
  - Hoboken e-scooter survey finds nearly 75% of respondents want them to stay (11/25/2019)
  - Riding While Drunk and Other Dangers of the Electric Scooter Craze (11/6/2019)
  - Hoboken hires 2 officers to enforce laws for electric scooters (10/23/2019)
  - Hoboken approves new, more lucrative contract with electric scooter companies (providing increased funds for education and enforcement) (8/8/2019)
Newark
- New bike-share, e-scooter program will help fill transit gaps, city says (7/13/2021)

NM

Albuquerque
- Ordinance (2018)
- Shared Active Transportation (Program and Regulations)

NY (state law on e-scooters)

New York City
- City Council Legalizes E-Bikes, E-Scooters (6/25/2020)
  - Bicycles with electric assist (Law No. 2020/073 - 7/26/2020)
  - Electric Scooters (Law No. 2020/072 - 7/26/2020)
- Notable Developments:
  - NEW>Evaluation of initial shared e-scooter pilot in East Bronx and proposed expansion of zone and number of scooters beginning June 2022 (Streetsblog) (NYCDOT)
  - NEW>Bird pilot aims to give NYC wheelchair users reliable and fast transport options (4/13/2022)
  - NEW>DOT to Expand E-Scooter Pilot in the Bronx, Doubling Footprint and Fleet Size (3/24/2022) (480,000 trips taken to date and a strong safety record)
  - Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation Releases Report on Advancing Equity and Opportunity Within Micromobility (5/2021)
- Background:
  - DOT Announces Three Companies Selected for E-Scooter Pilot in the East Bronx, Along with Major New Bike Network Projects (4/14/2021)
  - New York City selects Bird, Lime, and VeoRide for its coveted e-scooter pilot (4/14/2021)
  - New York City Moves Forward With Electric-Scooter-Share Program (2/18/2021)
  - New York City could have an e-scooter pilot program by March (6/24/2020)
    - Request for Expressions of Interest for demonstration project(s) of electric-powered scooter share (10/30/2020)
    - DOT Seeks Non-Manhattan E-Scooter Pilot Program (10/30/2020)
  - Need for Better Infrastructure: E-Scooters Are Already Here - And The City Needs To Adapt (10/8/2020)
New Rochelle
- Ordinance (10/20/2020) [includes a class of e-bicycles not authorized by NY statute]
- Developments:
  - Motorized E-Scooters Hit The Pavement In New Rochelle (6/11/2021) (Veo)
Oswego
- Mayor Barlow Says Bird Ride Scooters Are Early Hit In City Of Oswego (7/17/2021)
Riverhead
- Proposed code changes would restrict electric scooters ahead of rideshare program launch (7/29/2021)
- New ride share program could bring elec tric scooters to Riverhead (4/26/2021)
Rochester
- Ordinance (3/16/2021) [e-bicycle ordinance added at the same time]
- Developments:
Syracuse
- NEW>City says more public bikes, scooters coming to Syracuse (3/28/2022) (300% increase for the upcoming spring and summer seasons)
- Syracuse Sync system is up and running again with new shared micromobility partner, Veo (9/29/2021)
Yonkers
- BIRD SCOOTERS CELEBRATES ONE YEAR ANNIVERSARY IN YONKERS: POLICE REMIND USERS OF RULES (8/26/2021) (presumably the rules in NYS legislation - Yonkers has no ordinance dealing with e-scooters or shared mobility systems)
- E-scooters come to Yonkers in August, making it first e-scooter pilot program in NY (8/3/2020)

OH

Akron:
- Get to Class: University of Akron Students Welcome New Electric Scooters (8/29/2020)
- Electric scooters coming to Akron, University of Akron campus (8/17/2020)
Athens:
- Ordinance (5/2019)
- Developments:
  - Relaunch of electric scooter use set for March 15 (3/4/2021)
  - Spin e-scooters released for use on campus (2/18/2020)
  - E-scooters roll into Athens and OU on Tuesday (2/17/2020)
Cincinnati:
- Code of Ordinances:
- Notable Developments:
  - Cincinnati may be the first city to require third-party insurance for electric scooter companies (12/10/2021)
  - NEW>City imposes 6 p.m. curfew on shared scooters [Bird and Lime scooters will cease operating at 6 p.m. and resume at 6 a.m.]
Dayton
- Larger fleet of Spin Scooters returns to Dayton (4/16/2021)
- Spin Scooters are back on the streets of Dayton (8/11/2020)
Columbus:
- Lots of People are Still Riding Scooters in Columbus (1/24/2020) (data on 2019 use)
Cleveland
- Ordinance (6/2019)
  - Developments:
    - Scooters-for-rent coming soon to Cuyahoga County (8/30/2021) (example of a county working with municipalities to provide regional shared-mobility program)
    - Scooters with smart technology coming to Cleveland (7/8/2021)
    - Rentable scooters returning to Cleveland with a bit more speed and later hours for operation (6/5/2020)
    - Browns, Cavs, Indians fans beware: don’t bet on electric scooters getting you to home games (12/12/2019) (geofencing)
    - Survey Shows Scooter Support In East Side Suburbs (12/4/2019)
    - Bird Scooters Now Available for Rental in Cleveland, More on the Way (8/26/2019)
    - Cleveland to allow electric scooter rentals this summer, targeting key parts of the city for pilot program (6/3/2019)
Columbus
- Ordinance (9/27/2018)
Oxford
- Lime scooters return to Oxford (9/25/2020)

OK

Stillwater
- Ordinance
- A new 'Spin' on scooters (1/22/2019) (Agreement between Spin and Oklahoma State includes an on-campus controlled speed of 10 m.p.h. and GPS enforced restrictions on parking)
Tulsa
- Ordinance (10/24/2018)